Webfor a portion of ponded ice of elementary area δa and thickness h, such pressure head is due to the hydrostatic pressure of the column of water in the pond overlying ice on δa, whose height is w,is(pin −pout) = ρwgδaw. The dischargeq equals the time variation of the overlying volume of water, V˙ = δaw˙, providing w˙ =−k ρwgw ηh, (11) WebDFS5.2 gives lower ponded ice area than JRA-55 Formation of sea ice →flattening of the ITD Topo. redistributes the melt water over the newly formed thin ice categories => shallow but extended melt ponds over the sea ice. The effect of the ponds on the total sea ice extent is restricted to summer months.
Optical properties of melting first-year Arctic sea ice
WebVideo created by University of Colorado Boulder for the course "Frozen in the Ice: Exploring the Arctic". In this module, you will learn about sea ice and the important role it plays in the Arctic climate system. We will discuss how sea ice ... WebMay 1, 2024 · Ponded ice has lower albedo and higher transmittance than bare ice, and its AOPs mainly depend on the depth of the pond and on scattering by the underlying ice ( Lu et al., 2016 ). novelasqts.info
Comparison of aerial video and Landsat 7 data over ponded sea ice
WebUnder-ice irradiance measurements were done on ponded first-year pack ice along three transects during the ICE12 expedition north of Svalbard. Webponded first-year pack ice along three transects during the ICE12 expedition north of Svalbard. Bulk transmittances (400–900nm) were found to be on average 0.15–0.20 under bare ice, and 0.39–0.46 under ponded ice. Radiative transfer modelling was done with a plane-parallel model. While sim-ulated transmittances deviate significantly ... WebApr 9, 2024 · For ponded ice, the albedo and transmittance in the visible are mainly determined by the optical properties of the ice underlying the water layer. Possible contamination from light-absorbing impurities, such as black carbon or ice algae, is also implemented in the model and is able to effectively reduce the albedo and transmittance … how to solve the puzzle in mimic